Identification of the nucleolar localization signal in Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus multifunctional protein Ac16

)-ATPase subunit D (SfVhaD) was identified as a candidate interaction partner of Ac16, which was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Ac16 affected the localization of SfVhaD; both proteins predominantly colocalized in nucleoli in transient co-expression assays, while they primarily colocalized within the virogenic stroma during AcMNPV infection. Together, these data suggest that Ac16 contains a functional NoLS and may facilitate the transport of its interaction partners from nucleoli to viral replication centres during AcMNPV infection.