Theory of Space Shells and Minimum Energy Units

In the modern basic physics system, special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics have respectively revealed the laws of macroscopic spacetime and the behavior of microscopic particles, but they are difficult to be naturally unified in underlying logic. Moreover, there is a lack of a unified explanation for the microscopic mechanisms of core issues such as the constancy of the speed of light, the origin of mass, and the nature of gravity. Problems such as black hole singularities also reflect that the existing theoretical framework has room for further improvement. This paper proposes an original physical theory with discrete space shells as spacetime elementary units and identical minimum energy units as material elementary units, constructing a concise and self-consistent axiom system. It derives the constancy of the speed of light, the origin of mass, the mass-energy relationship, and the geometric nature of gravity from the microscopic structure level. Combined with the arrangement law of space shells and the energy residence state inside the shells, it systematically explains typical physical phenomena such as the straight-line propagation of light, scattering, mass-energy conversion, and electron-positron annihilation. This theory naturally connects classical physics and quantum mechanics through the difference in the residence time of energy units, without additional dimensions and adjustable parameters. The system is logically closed, the physical image is intuitive, and it has clear falsifiable experimental predictions, providing a new underlying framework and path for the unified research of basic physics.