Developing a novel index for neighborhood social determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the CARDIA study

Neighborhood social determinants of health have been shown to influence cardiovascular risk and the development of cardiovascular disease, but few studies have been done about early-life exposure as well as the combined effect of multiple neighborhood social determinants of health measures. Each 1-standard-deviation increase in the neighborhood social determinants of health index is associated with increased risk of coronary artery calcification at the year 7, year 15, and year 20 visits (Odds Ratios range from 1.15 to 1.17). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve ranges between 0.718 (year 7) and 0.719 (year 20). Compared to White participants, Black participants have a significant association between neighborhood social determinants of health indices and coronary artery calcification at Y15 and at Y20. In conclusion, higher early adulthood neighborhood social determinants of health indices are associated with higher middle-aged coronary artery calcification risk; this association is significant in Black adults at older age compared with White adults.