Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis in clinical nursing research

BACKGROUND: Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is a relatively new analytical method that is little used in nursing research. It is a comparative, case-oriented method that regards each case as a configuration of specific features. AIM: This article introduces fsQCA, demonstrating its value and limitations in clinical research. A novel application to nursing research is used to explain the rationale for fsQCA's selection, to demonstrate its application and to identify research contexts in which it is of benefit. DISCUSSION: The effectiveness of fsQCA in meeting project aims is discussed, along with some practical challenges and limitations. This highlights the need to pair fsQCA with a second method, process tracing, to meet all objectives. CONCLUSION: Use of fsQCA is advantageous in clinical research when the research question must allow for the possibility of causal complexity. Simultaneously, it can support generalisation by identifying case typologies for theory development and further explanatory study. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Use of fsQCA is valuable when evaluating complex interventions such as protocols and guidelines, as well as in identifying best practice.