A General-Purpose Model Adsorption Isotherm and Whole Isotherm Surface Area Measurement Method

adsorption on Zeolite 13X, (f) butylamine adsorption from methanol-water solution onto sponge nickel catalysts, (g) aqueous red dye adsorption onto beechwood, (h) step-like layer-by-layer adsorption of methane onto a MgO surface at 87 K. These examples spanned: (i) each of the six IUPAC physisorption isotherm types, (ii) positive cooperative, negative cooperative, and noncooperative adsorption, (iii) single-layer and multilayer adsorption, (iv) adsorption with and without capillary condensation, and (v) adsorption modeled by a single sitegroup and by multiple sitegroups. Results showed the MD isotherm is a good general-purpose model for physical adsorption under diverse conditions on diverse materials.