Measurement Method for Mold Slag Thickness in Continuous Casting Mold Using Millimeter-Wave Radar and Eddy Current Sensors

high-precision ranging algorithm to perform high-resolution scanning of the solid slag upper surface, reconstructing its topography (error: ±1 mm), while Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are applied to extract features from the radar intermediate-frequency signals, combined with an enhanced PSO-BP neural network algorithm to predict the thickness of the solid slag layer (error: ±5 mm). Concurrently, an eddy current sensor monitors the liquid slag-molten steel interface position (error: ±1 mm). Through dual-sensor data fusion, the upper surface topography data and solid slag thickness obtained from the radar are spatially registered in three dimensions with the molten steel level information derived from the eddy current sensor. This integration ultimately enables the non-contact synchronous measurement of three key parameters within the mold: solid slag layer thickness, liquid slag layer thickness inversion, and molten steel level. Furthermore, by reconstructing the upper slag surface morphology, the method successfully resolves practical issues such as uneven material distribution, local material deficiency, or excessive feeding. Preliminary experimental verification confirms that the proposed method maintains stable performance even under high-temperature and complex environmental conditions. It thus provides a real-time, accurate, and full-cross-section monitoring solution for mold slag in continuous casting, offering significant practical value for the development of smart steel plants.