The relationship between perfectionism and depression among college students: a multiple mediation mechanism based on coping styles, loneliness, and self-esteem

Background: This study examined the associations between perfectionism and depression among college students and explored the mediating roles of coping style, loneliness, and self-esteem in these relationships. Methods: Using validated instruments, we assessed perfectionism, coping style, loneliness, self-esteem, and depression in a sample of college students. We then tested a multiple mediation model using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results showed that different forms of perfectionism were associated with depression in distinct ways. Coping style, loneliness, and self-esteem each played significant mediating roles in these associations. Discussion: These findings deepen understanding of how psychological resources and emotional experiences are involved in the relationship between perfectionism and depression among college students. The study also provides practical implications for psychological support and intervention in university settings.