Factors influencing childbearing intention among married childless female nurses in Korea: a quantile regression approach

PURPOSE: South Korea's rapid fertility decline, shaped by intertwined psychosocial and structural factors, is more severe than that observed in other Asia-Pacific and European countries. This study aimed to identify how determinants of childbearing intention vary among married, childless female Korean nurses using quantile regression. METHODS: Married, childless female nurses younger than 45 years were recruited from seven cities in Korea. Participants (n=141) completed a self-administered survey between August and September 2024 on childbearing intention, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-actualization, social support, economic stability, and self-esteem. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression, and quantile regression. RESULTS: Participants reported moderate levels of childbearing intention and self-actualization, higher levels of HRQoL and social support, and moderate or higher levels of economic stability and self-esteem. In the multiple regression analysis, only age (B=1.67, p<.001) was a significant predictor of childbearing intention. Quantile regression revealed additional patterns: at the 60th percentile, age (B=1.89, p=.011), higher educational level (B=2.25, p=.040), and social support (B=1.06, p=.015) were significant, whereas at the 80th percentile, age (B=2.34, p=.001) and social support (B=1.41, p=.016) remained significant. These findings indicate that social support was strongly associated with childbearing intention among nurses with higher intention levels. CONCLUSION: Determinants of childbearing intention differed according to intention level, underscoring the value of moving beyond mean-based analyses. For married, childless female nurses, individualized interventions that enhance social support and account for age, educational level, and work-family context may be more effective than uniform, population-wide approaches in supporting childbearing intention.