The toxicity of psychedelic LSD derivatives: 1-acetyl-LSD (ALD-52), 1-propionyl-LSD (1P-LSD), 1-butyryl-LSD (1B-LSD), 1-valeryl-LSD (1V-LSD) and 1-cyclopropylmethanoyl-LSD (1cP-LSD)—prediction of toxicological parameters relevant to clinical and fore

= 1.4 µM, Percepta), suggesting elevated proarrhythmic potential. Dermal and ocular irritation risks were uniformly low across platforms. The results support that structural modifications at the N-1-acyl position influence toxicity patterns, particularly affecting cardiopulmonary and genotoxic endpoints. These findings underscore the utility of in silico methods for early risk assessment and prioritization of lysergamide-based NPS for further toxicological evaluation.