Light Requirement Dynamics in Three Common Submerged Macrophytes: From Establishment to Peak Biomass

increased from 2.1%, 4.4%, and 4.7% (seedling stage) to 3.3%, 10.5%, and 24.1% (rapid growth stage), respectively. (4) An integrated light-biomass model showed that achieving specific biomass targets required 2.4 to 4.7 times more light during rapid growth than during the seedling stage. This study quantifies stage-specific light requirements for submerged macrophytes, providing a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and light management in shallow lakes.