Lack of Effectiveness of Tramadol for Earlier Limb Weight-Bearing After Femoral Head and Neck Excision in 38 Dogs

= 0.570) was observed for TIWB, suggesting a clinically interesting trend toward faster early recovery in the multimodal group. These findings indicate that while adding tramadol did not confer a statistically significant additional advantage in this study, the observed clinical trend warrants further investigation in larger, higher-powered cohorts to determine its definitive clinical impact.