Characterization of a Portable Computed Tomography System for In Situ Analysis of Wooden Sculptures in Cultural Heritage

ABSTRACT Portable X‐ray computed tomography (portable CT) has become an important tool for the non‐destructive investigation of cultural heritage objects, particularly when in situ analysis is required. This work presents the experimental characterization and application of a transportable cone‐beam CT system designed for the inspection of large and heterogeneous wooden sculptures. The system performance was assessed through a comprehensive evaluation of the incident X‐ray spectrum, focal spot size, angular dose distribution, spatial resolution, and detail detectability, following established standards for tomographic system characterization. Spatial resolution and detectability were evaluated using a polymeric test pattern with cavities of varying diameters, while system performance under real inspection conditions was validated through the tomographic analysis of three carved wooden artworks with distinct construction techniques and material features. The results demonstrate that the combination of a hardened X‐ray spectrum, controlled dose distribution, and adequate focal spot size provides stable projections and reliable reconstructions of thick wooden volumes. Tomographic analyses enabled the identification of internal cavities, structural discontinuities, and high‐density elements related to fastening and restoration materials, confirming the suitability of the system for the non‐invasive inspection of cultural heritage objects. The proposed portable CT system offers a robust and flexible approach for in situ examination, supporting the conservation, restoration, and historical interpretation of wooden artworks.