Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and mobile genetic elements profile of Clostridium perfringens isolated from animal derived food chains

from animal-derived food chains, showing that prophage gain/loss, IS expansion, and plasmid carriage vary semi-independently and jointly shape ARGs and virulence profiles. It highlights the need for lineage-resolved genomic surveillance that considers both conserved chromosomal scaffold and dynamic MGE landscape to control strategies for this zoonotic pathogen.