NUTRACEUTICALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases represent two of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide and are closely interrelated in their pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. Common underlying mechanisms that contribute to the course of the disease include low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and chronic hyperglycemia. Because of their potential to prevent and treat these conditions, nutraceuticals—bioactive substances derived from foods or natural sources—have drawn more and more interest. This article discusses the idea of nutraceuticals, how they are categorized, how they work, and the scientific data that supports their use in the treatment of cardiovascular and diabetic conditions. Polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, plant sterols, antioxidants, and specific herbal bioactives are highlighted. The article also discusses clinical evidence, safety considerations, limitations, and future prospects ofnutraceuticals as adjuncts to conventional therapy.