From ancient roots to modern routes: a systematic review of ginger’s anti-motion sickness efficacy in randomized clinical trials and animal studies

Abstract Motion sickness is a neurosensory dysfunction characterised by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and general discomfort. Although there are conventional medications for this condition, interest in herbal alternatives like ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) is growing due to its broad biological activities and safety profile. Usually, females are more prone to motion sickness. Ginger contains phenolic chemicals that have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, anti-emetic, and protective actions against respiratory illnesses. These biological activities have led to its usage in traditional medicine to treat symptoms such as motion sickness, morning sickness, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and pregnancy. This systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and animal studies was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and DOAJ in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four RCTs (involving 469 participants) and only one animal study met the inclusion criteria, and ginger was administered in doses ranging from 500 to 2,000 mg. One RCT study, which used low-dose ginger, revealed ginger to be less beneficial than a multivitamin-based treatment, whereas three trials reported a significant decrease in nausea and vomiting compared to a placebo. There were no significant side effects noted. In conclusion, these investigations have shown that ginger is effective and tolerable in treating motion sickness. Although there is a lot of evidence supporting ginger’s safety, effectiveness, and reduction of motion sickness, additional research is needed to ensure its efficacy.