Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Although further validation is required, the Cosmological ConstantProblem has been provisionally addressed within the current framework. AbstractWe call it dark matter because we cannot see it, and dark energy becausewe do not understand it. Both names reflect our limitations rather than thenature of the things themselves. This paper proposes that what isconventionally termed dark matter is more precisely Fundamental Matter(FM) — the basic form of matter, interacting solely through gravity — andthat what is conventionally termed dark energy is more preciselyFundamental Energy (FE) — the basic expansive property of space,symmetric to gravity.Version 1.6 introduces a unifying thermodynamic observation: both FM andFE are inert with respect to entropy. FM exists at maximum entropy andtherefore does not change. FE has zero entropy as a uniform property ofspace. Ordinary matter, by contrast, undergoes entropic change: it cycles,complexifies, and gives rise to structure, chemistry, and life. This is thefundamental reason why FM and FE persist across cosmological transitionswhile ordinary matter does not.Version 1.6 also resolves the cosmological constant problem: vacuumenergy belongs to the matter sector (extractable via Hawking radiation)while FE is a property of space itself (not extractable by any black holemechanism). Their conflation generated the 10¹²² discrepancy. Onceseparated, the problem dissolves. Furthermore, baryonic asymmetry isproposed as a structural consequence of the inherited inhomogeneous FMdistribution — a mechanism complementary to and consistent with recentwork by Ambrosone et al. (2022) on black-hole-mediated baryogenesis.Version 2.0 demonstrates that the 10¹²² discrepancy is not a fine-tuningproblem — it is a boundary problem. Pauli (1933) observed that vacuumzero-point energy does not gravitationally interact; Cohen, Kaplan & Nelson(1999) formalized the boundary condition; this model provides the physicalmechanism via FM’s Equivalent Exchange Principle. Once the boundary isapplied, the CKN condition recovers a vacuum energy density of ∼10⁻⁹ J/m³— within the same order of magnitude as the observed FE density of 5.36 ×10⁻¹⁰ J/m³ (Planck 2018). A discrepancy of 10¹²² orders reduces to within asingle order. Version 2.1 identifies electromagnetically inert particles —neutrinos and gravitons — as observationally accessible proxies for FMbehaviour at the event horizon, providing indirect evidence for theEquivalent Exchange Principle.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19319126
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Jaehwa Hong
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Jaehwa Hong
article en

Abstract

Although further validation is required, the Cosmological ConstantProblem has been provisionally addressed within the current framework. AbstractWe call it dark matter because we cannot see it, and dark energy becausewe do not understand it. Both names reflect our limitations rather than thenature of the things themselves. This paper proposes that what isconventionally termed dark matter is more precisely Fundamental Matter(FM) — the basic form of matter, interacting solely through gravity — andthat what is conventionally termed dark energy is more preciselyFundamental Energy (FE) — the basic expansive property of space,symmetric to gravity.Version 1.6 introduces a unifying thermodynamic observation: both FM andFE are inert with respect to entropy. FM exists at maximum entropy andtherefore does not change. FE has zero entropy as a uniform property ofspace. Ordinary matter, by contrast, undergoes entropic change: it cycles,complexifies, and gives rise to structure, chemistry, and life. This is thefundamental reason why FM and FE persist across cosmological transitionswhile ordinary matter does not.Version 1.6 also resolves the cosmological constant problem: vacuumenergy belongs to the matter sector (extractable via Hawking radiation)while FE is a property of space itself (not extractable by any black holemechanism). Their conflation generated the 10¹²² discrepancy. Onceseparated, the problem dissolves. Furthermore, baryonic asymmetry isproposed as a structural consequence of the inherited inhomogeneous FMdistribution — a mechanism complementary to and consistent with recentwork by Ambrosone et al. (2022) on black-hole-mediated baryogenesis.Version 2.0 demonstrates that the 10¹²² discrepancy is not a fine-tuningproblem — it is a boundary problem. Pauli (1933) observed that vacuumzero-point energy does not gravitationally interact; Cohen, Kaplan & Nelson(1999) formalized the boundary condition; this model provides the physicalmechanism via FM’s Equivalent Exchange Principle. Once the boundary isapplied, the CKN condition recovers a vacuum energy density of ∼10⁻⁹ J/m³— within the same order of magnitude as the observed FE density of 5.36 ×10⁻¹⁰ J/m³ (Planck 2018). A discrepancy of 10¹²² orders reduces to within asingle order. Version 2.1 identifies electromagnetically inert particles —neutrinos and gravitons — as observationally accessible proxies for FMbehaviour at the event horizon, providing indirect evidence for theEquivalent Exchange Principle.

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