Novel Approaches of Exosome-inspired Nanoformulations for Targeted Drug Delivery: Review

Introduction: Exosome delivery carriers are emerging and promising nanotherapeutics that are employed globally for the management of multifaceted diseases. Exosome-inspired nanoformulations, which include membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, exosome-mimetic vesi-cles, native extracellular vehicles (EVs), and hybrid exosome-liposome carriers, offer precise de-livery of biologics, small molecules, and nucleic acids with enhanced tissue specificity and bio-compatibility. Methods: The manuscript was developed through a comprehensive review of literature and data obtained from reliable scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus database, and so on. The data was searched out by using keywords such as drug delivery, exosome, and applications of exosome-based nanocarriers. Results: Building on recent advances in EV biology and standardization guidelines (MISEV 2023), these systems exploit intrinsic tissue tropism, immune evasion properties, and modular sur-face engineering to overcome complex biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier and the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, studies have demonstrated improved accumulation of exo-some-based therapeutics at target sites, thereby enhancing delivery efficiency and therapeutic po-tential. Moreover, improved treatment efficacy found its usage in designing preclinical models. Conclusion: The manuscript summarizes isolation and characterisation standards, loading and engineering tactics, therapeutic uses, safety and pharmacokinetic considerations, manufacturing and regulatory approaches, and the evolving clinical landscape. It helps in clinical translation and bridging the gap between nanomedicines and experimental research.