Bayesian Validation of a Structured Λ(z) Cosmological Model Inspired by Selector-Time Theory Using Pantheon+ Data

This record contains the revised version (v2.0) of the Bayesian validation of a structured cosmological model Λ(z) inspired by the Selector-Time Theory (STT). In contrast to the deterministic approach presented in the companion article, this work develops a full Bayesian inference framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to estimate the posterior distributions of the model parameters. The analysis is performed using the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova dataset, providing a robust statistical assessment of the Λ(z) formulation. The results confirm that the structured cosmological model remains statistically consistent while improving the fit relative to the standard ΛCDM model. This work represents the statistical validation stage of the STT cosmological program, complementing the deterministic results presented in the associated Article 1. This version includes scientific revision, improved methodological clarity, and full bilingual alignment (Portuguese and English). All scripts, figures, and outputs are provided to ensure full reproducibility.