The Ideal Eco-City and Its Social Meanings: F. L. Wright – P. Soleri – S. V. Nepomnyashchiy

The article presents an analysis of the concepts of the ideal city as proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright, Paolo Soleri, and Sergey Valentinovich Nepomnyashchy. These thinkers are representative of an intellectual tradition rooted in the notion of "organic architecture," which aims to harmonize the relationship between urban environments, humanity, and nature. The objective of this study is to identify and systematize the key social ideas of each author and to illustrate their relevance in light of contemporary global challenges, such as environmental crises and social inequality. Through a comparative analysis of the social dimensions of these concepts, this research addresses a gap in domestic literature concerning the specific viewpoints of these architects. The findings indicate that, while all three authors focus on minimizing the divide between nature and urban areas, their urban planning approaches differ considerably. For instance, Frank Lloyd Wright’s "Acrotown" embodies a decentralized model, whereas Paolo Soleri’s "Arkosanti" and Sergey Nepomnyashchy’s "Heliocluster" advocate for high-density structures. The comparative analysis further reveals an evolution in the social ideals and values embedded within these architectural theories, transitioning from utopian visions to pragmatic solutions. The originality of this work lies in its thorough comparative analysis and contextualization of S. V. Nepomnyashchy’s contributions within the broader framework of organic architecture. The practical implications of this research highlight the necessity of reviving certain principles established by the founders of organic architecture to devise sustainable urban models that effectively address the pressing needs of contemporary society. This work aims to provide guidance for enhancing current urban practices amid ongoing global challenges.