A Review on Neolamarckia cadamba - From Its Ancient Knowledge to Modern Science

<P> In the herbal medicine system, N. cadamba is one of the most significant plants in the Rubiaceae family. N. cadamba contains numerous phytochemicals and secondary metabolites, in-cluding β-sitosterol, quinovic acid, cadambagenic acid, cadamine, and cadambine, which exhibit pharmacological and biological effects, making it a highly valuable medicinal plant. N. cadamba has demonstrated potential in managing conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, and other disorders, offering a natural alternative to synthetic chemical treatments. </P> <P> Over a century of research has been conducted to identify its phytochemicals and their effects. How-ever, due to a lack of appropriate model systems, only a small percentage (≤2%) of these compounds have been successfully marketed. Beyond its medicinal properties, N. cadamba is also valued as an ornamental plant with considerable cultural and religious importance. </P> <P> To stimulate interest and support the commercialization of N. cadamba phytochemicals, this review consolidates current knowledge on these compounds and highlights their pharmacological signifi-cance. By addressing the challenges of commercialization, including contentious issues, model sys-tem inadequacies, and solubility problems, the potential of N. cadamba as a cornerstone in herbal medicine can be fully realized. This comprehensive understanding and subsequent application could transform treatment options, providing natural and effective alternatives for managing and potentially curing various diseases.