From Bench to Bedside: The Translational Journey of Liposomal DrugDelivery Systems

Abstract: The advancement in enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of various medications, with poor solubility and permeability. In an oral drug delivery system, liposomes have the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, thereby improving absorption and targeted distribution. Nanotechnology is highlighted as a revolutionary drug delivery method by improving critical challenges such as drug stability, solubility, and biocompatibility. Various preparation methods, including thin film hydration, ethanol injection, and emulsification techniques, are discussed, alongside their respective advantages and limitations. This review explores the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability changes and effects on the drug or medication by the liposomal formulation, particularly in bypassing first-pass metabolism through lymphatic absorption. The characterization of liposomes is to ensure their functionality, safety, and efficacy, and for that, certain parameters are made, such as size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency, being key focus areas. Clinical trials and marketed formulations show the potential and effectiveness of liposomal technology in treating a range of conditions, including cancer and severe infections. Future advancements are anticipated to focus on enhancing scalability, stability, and targeted delivery systems, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Overall, the continued development of liposomal drug delivery systems represents a promising evolution and upgrade of modern medicine, offering new hope for improved treatment outcomes through diverse therapeutic areas.