Continuous Flow Synthesis of Spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐Xanthene] Serving as the Organic Light Emitting Diode Emitters and Organic Semiconductors for Kilogram‐Scale Production With Flexible and Controllable Selectivity

Continuous flow chemistry allows for the low‐cost and eco‐friendly mass production of organic semiconductors. Although spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] derivatives (SFXs) serve as a role of steric hindrance for the function of stability in OLED technology that has been industrialized and commercialized, it does not investigate their chemical engineering based on the “Huang‐Xie method” with continuous flow synthesis technology to achieve scalable production. Herein, we report that kilogram‐scale production with exceptional product selectivity (90% for SFX and 100% for BPF) with high throughput rates (648.48 g/h for SFX, 997.62 g/h for BPF). Compared with conventional batch processes, the continuous flow approach for SFX synthesis achieved a 25.48% reduction in raw material costs, solid waste generation by 45.79%, and a 68% shortening of production time. This technology exhibited remarkable environmental advantages, yielding an E‐factor of 1.54 kg/kg and a process mass intensity (PMI) of 2.54 kg/kg, representing 94.7% and 91.5% reductions relative to batch processes. Using an upgraded continuous flow platform, we also synthesized high‐performance optoelectronic materials SFX‐TRZ (84% yield) and BPFG (92.5% yield) from SFX and BPF precursors. This work opens continuous flow synthesis for organic semiconductors with advanced green chemistry principles.

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Publication Details

Journal
ChemSusChem
Published
2026-03-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.70535
Primary Topic
Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
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article
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article

Continuous Flow Synthesis of Spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐Xanthene] Serving as the Organic Light Emitting Diode Emitters and Organic Semiconductors for Kilogram‐Scale Production With Flexible and Controllable Selectivity

Xiaodong Li, Hui Li, Xi Chen, Wei Huang et al.
ChemSusChem
Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
article

Continuous Flow Synthesis of Spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐Xanthene] Serving as the Organic Light Emitting Diode Emitters and Organic Semiconductors for Kilogram‐Scale Production With Flexible and Controllable Selectivity

Xiaodong Li, Hui Li, Xi Chen, Wei Huang, Yan Li, Shuangyi Li, Yun Deng, Shoujia Zhu, Fangli Wang, Xinxin Han, Wenjing Shi, Xiao Long, Ying Wei, Linghai Xie, Yan Ge, Zheng Zhang
article en

Abstract

Continuous flow chemistry allows for the low‐cost and eco‐friendly mass production of organic semiconductors. Although spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] derivatives (SFXs) serve as a role of steric hindrance for the function of stability in OLED technology that has been industrialized and commercialized, it does not investigate their chemical engineering based on the “Huang‐Xie method” with continuous flow synthesis technology to achieve scalable production. Herein, we report that kilogram‐scale production with exceptional product selectivity (90% for SFX and 100% for BPF) with high throughput rates (648.48 g/h for SFX, 997.62 g/h for BPF). Compared with conventional batch processes, the continuous flow approach for SFX synthesis achieved a 25.48% reduction in raw material costs, solid waste generation by 45.79%, and a 68% shortening of production time. This technology exhibited remarkable environmental advantages, yielding an E‐factor of 1.54 kg/kg and a process mass intensity (PMI) of 2.54 kg/kg, representing 94.7% and 91.5% reductions relative to batch processes. Using an upgraded continuous flow platform, we also synthesized high‐performance optoelectronic materials SFX‐TRZ (84% yield) and BPFG (92.5% yield) from SFX and BPF precursors. This work opens continuous flow synthesis for organic semiconductors with advanced green chemistry principles.

ChemSusChemVol. 19(7)
Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN), Henan University (CN), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN), Henan Institute of Education (CN)
Responsible consumption and production, Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
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