Antioxidant, Antialzheimer, Antiurease Enzyme Activities of Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)

Marrubium vulgare L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This species, which usually grows in regions with a Mediterranean climate, has gray-green hairy leaves and small white flowers. It is widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of respiratory diseases, digestive problems and cough. M. vulgare has a strong antioxidant capacity thanks to the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and diterpenoids it contains. Thanks to these properties, it is among the plants that attract attention in the pharmaceutical and food industries as a natural antioxidant source. The ethanol: water extract exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than the ethanol extract, as evidenced by its stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity (61.60%), greater CUPRAC value (4.36 mM Trolox equivalents/mg extract), and enhanced FRAP reducing power (0.64 mM FeSO₄/mg extract). The total phenolic content was found to be comparable between the two extracts. As expected, the reference antioxidants ascorbic acid and demonstrated superior antioxidant activities compared to the plant extracts. In enzyme inhibition analyses, the ethanol extract showed more pronounced anticholinesterase activity (20.911±2.324), while the ethanol: water extract showed higher antiurease inhibition (27.615±2.092). Overall, the findings indicate that the solvent system significantly affects the biological activity profile of M. vulgare.