Оптимізація змісту навчальної дисципліни «Основи патентознавства, інтелектуальної власності та впровадження результатів наукового дослідження» для підготовки науковців медичної сфери за результатами порівняльного аналізу

Current trends and prospects in the scientific world in the field of medicine dictate the requirements for high-quality training of PhDs to ensure competitiveness in the global scientific arena, both for domestic science as a whole and for the individual achievements of scientists themselves. Among these requirements, one of the key ones is the acquisition, as a result of postgraduate study, of competencies related to the basics of legal protection, presentation, use and implementation of the results of scientific activity. Objective — to substantiate the optimisation of an integrated compulsory course for medical PhD students on the basis of a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and international approaches to teaching patent studies, intellectual property and implementation of research results. Materials and methods. Publications indexed in PubMed, higher education standards, syllabi and curricu­la of medical universities in Ukraine and leading scientific countries were analysed using comparative, structural-logical and content analysis. Results and discussion. It has been established that in Ukraine a theoretically oriented model of teaching the fundamentals of patent studies, intellectual property and the implementation of research results predominates. This model ensures the stability of basic knowledge but limits the development of practical competencies and innovative thinking. A strong advantage of foreign educational programs is their substantially higher level of practical orientation, the integration of interdisciplinary approaches, the active use of simulations and project-based learning, as well as cooperation with institutions responsible for knowledge commercialisation, systemic interaction of higher medical education institutions with technology transfer structures, along with the involvement of learners in patenting processes, intellectual property management, creation of startups and participation in real innovation projects.Based on the comparative analysis results, an updated structure of the discipline «Fundamentals of Patent Studies, Intellectual Property, and Implementation of Research Results» (3 ECTS credits) has been developed. It includes three content modules — «Fundamentals of Patent Studies and Copyright», «Patent-Information Search and Scientific Publications» and «Presentation and Implementation of Research Results» — as well as an expanded range of forms of independent and individual work that are practically oriented. Conclusions. The proposed model ensures a shift in emphasis from passive theoretical acquisition to the development of applied skills that correspond to modern requirements of the innovation ecosystem, strengthens the practical orientation of PhD training and enhances the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical researchers.