Modeling the appropriateness of measures for net zero carbon retrofits of residential buildings in Hong Kong: expert-based evaluation

Purpose Achieving carbon neutrality is a global priority in addressing climate change, with residential buildings being major contributors to emissions. Retrofitting measures related to the building envelope, energy systems and renewable energy are essential for achieving net zero carbon (NZC) in residential buildings. However, quantitative models assessing the appropriateness of these measures, particularly in developed regions such as Hong Kong, remain limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and develop quantitative models to select retrofitting measures associated with the building envelope, energy systems and renewable energy upgrades for attaining NZC residential buildings, with an emphasis on the environment of Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using a questionnaire survey of 52 professionals and partial least squares structural modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. Findings Findings indicate that hypotheses related to windows, walls, heat, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and hot water systems and the use of solar and wind energy are supported with stronger path coefficients. Analysis reveals that retrofit measures associated with windows, HVAC systems and solar energy exhibit the highest levels of appropriateness due to their higher t-values and path coefficients. Following those, an implementation pathway is proposed to guide NZC retrofitting efforts and support sustainable development goals by mitigating climate change. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study fills a critical gap by providing the first expert-based PLS-SEM evaluation to prioritize the NZC retrofit measures specifically for high-rise residential buildings in dense urban environments like Hong Kong. Hence, findings would be convincing for practitioners to attain NZC residential buildings.