Role Of Civil Society In Protecting Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Civil society serves as a vital intermediary in the protection and promotion of human rights. bridging gaps left by state mechanisms. It includes non-governmental organizations, social movements, advocacy groups, community-based organization and professional associations. It is important for the protection, promotion and enforcement of human rights at national and international levels. This paper explores the relationship between civil society and human rights, with special reference to India and global human rights framework. This paper also examines challenges faced by the civil society including shrinking civil space restrictive laws, political pressure these constraints civil society continues to innovate digital activism, public interest litigation and grassroots mobilization. The study finds that a vibrant, independent and participatory civil society is essential for strengthening democratic government and ensuring effective human rights protection. It emphasizes the need for supportive legal frameworks and constructive state civil society engagement to certain human rights voices in contemporary societies.