Improved Prostate Diffusion Imaging Using Deep Learning Denoising and Phase Correction With Ultra-High-Density Coil Array

Abstract Background MR Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), especially at high b-value, is a key acquisition to help identify clinically significant prostate cancer, however it suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high noise floor, and susceptibility artifact. Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of improving DWI quality using a novel 50-channel pelvic coil in conjunction with a deep learning (DL)-based phase correction and a DL-denoising algorithm. Methods In this prospective, single-center study, 24 consecutive men referred for prostate multiparametric MRI over 16 months were enrolled (age 47–79 years; mean, 68.1 years). Axial T2-weighted images and DWI were obtained using a prototype 50‑channel coil and standard clinical phased array (3 T Architect, GE HealthCare, USA). The DWI acquisitions were reconstructed with the vendor’s deep learning denoising algorithm (ARDL). The same raw data were reconstructed offline using an investigational DL Phase Correction algorithm with ARDL (DLPC+ARDL). Two independent readers scored DWI and ADC series using 4 qualitative criteria. SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured on b = 1500 s/mm2 images. Combined reader scores were compared using the Wilcoxon matched‑pairs signed‑rank test, inter‑reader variability was assessed using Cohen’s κ, and quantitative SNR/CNR values were compared using two‑tailed paired t‑tests. Results Twenty men were analyzable for qualitative and 18 for quantitative metrics (reported as mean ± SD). 50‑channel pelvic coil with DLPC+ARDL produced the highest SNR (99.70 ± 28.50) and CNR (91.68 ± 44.39), exceeding 50‑channel with ARDL alone (SNR 56.44 ± 28.50; CNR 51.11 ± 28.67), 30‑channel anterior array with ARDL (SNR 31.41 ± 13.18; CNR 26.26 ± 13.52) and DLPC + ARDL (SNR 49.4 ± 18.6; CNR 44.7 ± 18.3) (all p < 0.0001). Reader scores favored DLPC+ARDL in prostate border definition, peripheral/transition zone distinction, lesion conspicuity, and confidence of extraprostatic extension (all p-values for DWI at b = 1500 s/mm2 < 0.0001; synthetic DWI at b = 2000 s/mm2: p = 7.5 × 10−7–0.01). Inter‑reader agreement was fair for acquired DWI (quadratic‑weighted κ = 0.34) and lower for synthetic DWI (κ = 0.19). Conclusion DWI images acquired using the 50‑channel pelvic coil and reconstructed with the DLPC + ARDL pipeline yield the highest image quality compared to ARDL only pipeline and to all 30-channel coil imaging.