The Paradox of Project Performance: The Role of Procurement, Contextual, and Contractor-Related Factors

This study explores the multidimensional nature of construction project performance, focusing on the interdependent relationship between cost and schedule variations. Despite extensive empirical research on cost overruns, the critical dimension of schedule adherence is often neglected. Existing studies frequently attribute performance variations to individual determinants, such as project delivery methods, but fail to account for the complex interplay of multiple factors. This research adopts an integrated approach to project performance measurement, considering both cost and schedule variations as key indicators. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the study uncovers complex causal relationships among procurement strategies, contractor attributes, and project-specific conditions. By analyzing transportation infrastructure projects with conventional and innovative intersection designs in the US, this study provides an understanding of how different configurations contribute to project performance. The research findings question traditional paradigms, underscoring the significance of contextual alignment and interdependencies in construction project management. Practical implications are provided for enhancing procurement strategies, choosing contractors, and organizing project execution to achieve successful results.