Rheology–Performance Framework for <scp>PA6</scp> / <scp>GO</scp> Nanocomposites via a Hybrid Processing Route

ABSTRACT Balancing melt processability with stiffness and heat resistance remains a central challenge for PA6 nanocomposites. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummers method and incorporated into PA6 via a hybrid route (solution‐made masterbatch, melt dilution and injection molding) at 0.1–2.0 wt%. Melt rheology at 240°C shows higher zero‐shear viscosity and stronger shear thinning, while SAOS and Cole–Cole plots reveal the development of a GO‐induced network. Capillary rheometry over 80–11,500 s −1 indicates viscosity convergence to Pa s for all compositions, confirming preserved moldability. By tracking / before and after injection molding, we show that the second melt‐processing step relaxes, but does not destroy, the filler‐induced network and shifts the onset of rheological percolation to around 2 wt% GO. In the solid state, DMA and HDT demonstrate a increase of ≈6°C–8°C, a 21% rise in HDT (80.8°C–97.7°C) and higher rubbery modulus, whereas tensile tests reveal up to +22% yield stress and +59% ultimate strength at 2 wt% GO, at the cost of reduced ductility. Correlating unified rheological parameters with HDT and tensile data yields a concise rheology‐to‐performance map, with an optimum near 1 wt% GO. The results link injection relevant melt signatures to molded part performance, targeting electrical connector housings.

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Publication Details

Journal
Polymer Engineering and Science
Published
2026-03-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.70482
Primary Topic
Injection Molding Process and Properties
Type
article
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article

Rheology–Performance Framework for PA6 / GO Nanocomposites via a Hybrid Processing Route

Caio Melo, André Lamounier Caixeta, Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice, Everton Granemann Souza et al.
Polymer Engineering and Science
Injection Molding Process and Properties
article

Rheology–Performance Framework for PA6 / GO Nanocomposites via a Hybrid Processing Route

Caio Melo, André Lamounier Caixeta, Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice, Everton Granemann Souza, Chiara Dores do das Nascimento, Amanda Dantas de Oliveira, Fernando Machado Machado, Luiz Antonio Pessan
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Balancing melt processability with stiffness and heat resistance remains a central challenge for PA6 nanocomposites. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummers method and incorporated into PA6 via a hybrid route (solution‐made masterbatch, melt dilution and injection molding) at 0.1–2.0 wt%. Melt rheology at 240°C shows higher zero‐shear viscosity and stronger shear thinning, while SAOS and Cole–Cole plots reveal the development of a GO‐induced network. Capillary rheometry over 80–11,500 s −1 indicates viscosity convergence to Pa s for all compositions, confirming preserved moldability. By tracking / before and after injection molding, we show that the second melt‐processing step relaxes, but does not destroy, the filler‐induced network and shifts the onset of rheological percolation to around 2 wt% GO. In the solid state, DMA and HDT demonstrate a increase of ≈6°C–8°C, a 21% rise in HDT (80.8°C–97.7°C) and higher rubbery modulus, whereas tensile tests reveal up to +22% yield stress and +59% ultimate strength at 2 wt% GO, at the cost of reduced ductility. Correlating unified rheological parameters with HDT and tensile data yields a concise rheology‐to‐performance map, with an optimum near 1 wt% GO. The results link injection relevant melt signatures to molded part performance, targeting electrical connector housings.

Polymer Engineering and Science
Universidade Católica de Pelotas (BR), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (BR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (BR), Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense (BR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Injection Molding Process and Properties
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