Design and finite element analysis of a PV-powered autonomous cleaning system for plastic greenhouse roofs

Dust accumulation on greenhouse roofs remains a significant challenge, significantly reducing light transmission and crop productivity, and creating a need for efficient and automated cleaning solutions. Current manual or semi-automated methods are labor-intensive, inconsistent, and often unsuitable for large greenhouse structures. This study presents the design and simulation of a solar-powered autonomous cleaning system for plastic greenhouse roofs. The proposed system integrates a photovoltaic (PV) energy supply with an automated cleaning mechanism composed of rotating brushes, flexible wipers, and a water pump to effectively remove dust and contaminants from the greenhouse surface. A lightweight mobility unit is incorporated to enable stable movement and operation on inclined greenhouse roofs. Structural and performance analyses were conducted using three-dimensional modeling and finite element simulations to evaluate stress and deformation in the frame, brush, and wiper. The maximum stress occurred at the upper joints, while total deformation remained below 2.1 mm, confirming adequate structural safety under operational loads. The cleaning efficiency was tested at two-wheel speeds (25 rpm and 50 rpm) and three roof positions (top, middle, bottom), demonstrating stable operation and uniform cleaning performance. The proposed system offers a practical solution for maintaining greenhouse transparency, reducing manual labor, and supporting sustainable agricultural management.