A Sustainable Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the <i>N</i> ‐Alkylation of Amines From Alcohols

The hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) thymol/DL‐menthol (1:1 mol/mol) is reported here for the first time as an efficient and environmentally responsible reaction medium for the palladium‐catalyzed, ligand‐free N ‐alkylation of primary amines with benzylic alcohols. The transformation proceeds via a hydrogen autotransfer (borrowing hydrogen) mechanism under remarkably mild conditions (90°C, aerobic atmosphere), affording a broad range of secondary amines in good to excellent yields. Notably, the combination of the Pd catalyst and NADES demonstrates outstanding robustness and sustainability, allowing efficient reusing for up to seven consecutive cycles through successive addition of fresh reagents to the same medium. This study highlights the potential of hydrophobic NADESs as truly green reaction media for transition‐metal‐catalyzed transformations. The sustainability of the protocol is further corroborated by a quantitative evaluation of green chemistry metrics, which confirms its favorable environmental profile and overall process efficiency.

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Publication Details

Journal
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Published
2026-03-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70400
Primary Topic
Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A Sustainable Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the N ‐Alkylation of Amines From Alcohols

Paola Vitale, Filippo Maria Perna, Luciana Cicco, Vito Capriati et al.
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
article

A Sustainable Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the N ‐Alkylation of Amines From Alcohols

Paola Vitale, Filippo Maria Perna, Luciana Cicco, Vito Capriati, Maryam Saeb, Maristella Simone
article en

Abstract

The hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) thymol/DL‐menthol (1:1 mol/mol) is reported here for the first time as an efficient and environmentally responsible reaction medium for the palladium‐catalyzed, ligand‐free N ‐alkylation of primary amines with benzylic alcohols. The transformation proceeds via a hydrogen autotransfer (borrowing hydrogen) mechanism under remarkably mild conditions (90°C, aerobic atmosphere), affording a broad range of secondary amines in good to excellent yields. Notably, the combination of the Pd catalyst and NADES demonstrates outstanding robustness and sustainability, allowing efficient reusing for up to seven consecutive cycles through successive addition of fresh reagents to the same medium. This study highlights the potential of hydrophobic NADESs as truly green reaction media for transition‐metal‐catalyzed transformations. The sustainability of the protocol is further corroborated by a quantitative evaluation of green chemistry metrics, which confirms its favorable environmental profile and overall process efficiency.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry
University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Catalysis
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