Pulvinar–posterior superior temporal sulcus connectivity contributes to non-conscious emotion processing in affective blindsight

Affective blindsight, the capacity to discriminate emotional stimuli despite bilateral damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) and without conscious awareness, offers a unique model of non-conscious visual processing. Subcortical pathways involving the pulvinar and amygdala have been proposed, but putative cortical contributions remain unclear. We examined 182 patients, including 31 with bilateral V1 lesions. Among these, 15 had cortical visual loss and seven showed affective blindsight. Using behavioral testing, lesion symptom mapping, and tractography, we found that preserved pulvinar connectivity with both the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and the amygdala is necessary for affective blindsight. These findings provide causal evidence for a multi-route architecture, identifying the pulvinar-pSTS pathway, alongside the pulvinar-amygdala pathway, as a critical substrate for non-conscious affective processing.