Лингвистическая трансформация в контексте урбанизации и этнокультурных изменений

The study’s relevance lies in Kazakhstan’s linguistic transformation amid urbanisation and ethno-cultural change, which strengthens the national language and reshapes socio-cultural realities. It examined interactions among Kazakh, Russian, and English in contexts of migration, digitalisation, and national consolidation. Using historical-comparative and cultural approaches to urban change, the study assessed language dynamics. Findings show that urbanisation fosters ethno-cultural convergence, bilingualism, trilingualism, and hybrid speech practices such as code-switching and borrowing. While Kazakh gains strength in symbolic and state domains, it remains linked with Russian in business, science, and interethnic communication, alongside English’s growing role in youth and digital spheres. Overall, Kazakhstan’s linguistic transformation reflects evolving urban identities shaped by policies promoting Kazakh while preserving Russian and English functions