Focused Clinical Observation of Functional Outcomes in Children With <scp>OEIS</scp> Complex

Omphalocele, Cloacal Exstrophy, Imperforate Anus, Spinal Defects (OEIS) complex is an extremely rare congenital disorder, and data on long-term functional and developmental outcomes remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate ambulatory, urological, and intellectual outcomes in a cohort of patients with OEIS complex. We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients with OEIS complex born at our institution between 1991 and 2021. Spinal defects were classified radiologically or intraoperatively. Ambulatory and urinary outcomes were assessed at the most recent follow-up, and intellectual status was evaluated in patients who were aged ≥ 6 years. At a mean follow-up of 114 months (range, 4-348), five patients were independently ambulatory, two were ambulatory with orthoses, and two were nonambulatory. Two patients achieved dry time with clean intermittent catheterization, while seven remained incontinent. Among seven school-aged patients, five attended regular schools, one required special education, and one could not attend due to complications. Spinal anomalies included spinal lipomas (n = 6) and terminal myelocystoceles (n = 4). In this cohort, long-term ambulatory and intellectual outcomes were generally favorable in the absence of severe complications, whereas urinary continence remained challenging. Given the rarity of OEIS complex, additional multi-institutional and multidisciplinary studies with extended follow-up are needed.