Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing Function for Post‐Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

What is already known on this subject Post-stroke dysphagia is a common and debilitating condition, significantly impairing the quality of life for stroke survivors. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has gained attention as an adjunct to conventional dysphagia therapy, with prior studies indicating potential benefits. However, the clinical efficacy of NMES for improving swallowing functions specifically in stroke-induced dysphagia remains unclear due to inconsistent findings and methodological limitations in existing research. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study provides a comprehensive meta-analysis, confirming that NMES significantly improves functional swallowing outcomes, particularly on the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Additionally, it highlights that NMES may enhance neuroplasticity and muscle coordination when used alongside traditional therapies. The study identifies specific benefits, such as improved oral intake and reduced aspiration risks, offering new evidence to guide therapeutic approaches. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? NMES can be an effective component of dysphagia rehabilitation protocols, improving swallowing safety and efficiency for post-stroke patients. The findings support the integration of NMES into clinical practice, emphasizing its role in enhancing swallowing function and reducing the risks of complications like aspiration pneumonia. Future research should focus on optimising stimulation parameters and evaluating long-term effects to maximize patient outcomes.