Determining the Impact of Urban Vacant and Abandoned Land on Land Surface Temperatures in Socially Vulnerable Communities in Houston

Uneven urbanization can lead to significant quantities of vacant and abandoned land while exacerbating urban heat island (UHI) effects and simultaneously adversely affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study examines the correlation between land surface temperature (LST) and urban vacant and abandoned land in socially vulnerable neighborhoods in Houston, TX, USA, where extreme heat can present significant environmental and public health challenges. Six critical study locations exhibiting a social vulnerability index (SVI) over 0.7 and average land surface temperature (LST) values surpassing 82 °F (27.8 °C) are analyzed through spatial analytics and drone footage. Findings indicate that vegetated vacant spaces help mitigate urban heat by decreasing land surface temperature, but abandoned structures exacerbate temperatures due to heat retention from non-permeable surfaces. Findings suggest that elevated socioeconomic vulnerability correlates with increased land surface temperature, exacerbating heat-related hazards in at-risk communities. In this six-site sample, the abandonment rate exhibited a positive correlation with the site mean land surface temperature (exploratory linear fit: +2.42 °F [0.74, 4.11]/+1.35 °C [0.41, 2.28] per +1% increase in abandonment; to be interpreted as exploratory and potentially confounded). Results provide critical insights for climate resilience planning and urban heat reduction through high-resolution thermal and geographical analysis, highlighting the impact of vacant and abandoned land on LST. Such findings endorse certain urban cooling techniques, including land reutilization and green infrastructure, to enhance environmental equality and adaptation.