Case Report: Hyperthyroidism induced liver failure with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

Liver failure is a critical condition secondary to not only hepatopathy but also extrahepatic etiologies. This article presents a unique case of hyperthyroidism-induced liver failure complicated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and pneumonia. The 53-year-old male patient had a history of hepatitis B but no prior hyperthyroidism or medication use. He was admitted with jaundice, fever, and palpitations, and underwent one session of therapeutic plasma exchange in the intensive care unit. Other treatments included hepatoprotective agents, blood component transfusions, antithyroid drugs, antiarrhythmic therapy, and antibiotics. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed to eliminate an accessory atrioventricular pathway. Within 3 weeks, significant improvement was observed in hepatic, coagulation, thyroid, and cardiac functions. After 6 weeks of intensive care, the patient was transferred to a general ward and discharged on day 52. Follow-up confirmed full recovery without sequelae. In conclusion, early antithyroid drugs and radiofrequency catheter ablation are safe and effective in this case, while radioiodine therapy and glucocorticoids are not essential. Accurate diagnosis and etiological treatment are the keys to managing complex liver failure cases in clinical practice.