A review on the sustainable grinding process employing nanofluids under the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) regime

Purpose Owing to the presence of unsafe chemical components in many cutting fluids, there is growing concern over their environmental and health impacts. In response, industries and researchers are actively exploring substitute approaches to minimize the use of these fluids in grinding applications. Accordingly, the present study aims to highlight the potential of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique as an eco-friendly alternative to the conventional flood (wet) grinding method. Design/methodology/approach The review methodology adopted in this study is structured into three core sections. The first section outlines the evolution of the MQL technique and compares its grinding performance against conventional approaches such as dry and flood cooling. The second section reviews existing literature on MQL grinding using single nanofluids (S-NF). Finally, the third section evaluates the performance of MQL grinding when hybrid nanofluids (H-NF) are used. Findings The comprehensive review highlights that MQL provides notable advantages over both dry and traditional wet machining methods. Key benefits include a substantial reduction in cutting zone temperature, lower grinding forces, extended wheel life and enhanced surface quality of the machined parts. In addition, the use of H-NF in MQL grinding exhibits better tribological performance compared to S-NF. Practical implications MQL grinding creates a cleaner, healthier and more environmentally friendly workspace by minimizing fluid usage and reducing pollution, thus promoting sustainable and green manufacturing practices. Originality/value This paper examines the suitability of MQL in grinding operations using S-NF and H-NF. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2025-0498/