International Security Institutions: Current Challenges and Prospects for Reform

This study aims to identify problems that undermine the effectiveness of international security institutions in maintaining global peace and security, and to propose possible approaches to updating their protocols for action. The secondary goal of the study is to determine if the functions and powers of international security institutions account for modern threats to global security. The study looks into the performance of the following international organisations: the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe (CoE), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect and The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) focusing on legal documents that have been regulating their decisions during 2014-2025. The study showed that 2014 became a turning point for the collective security system. A full-scale war that broke out in Europe exposed the lack of adequate responses from security organisations. The fact that participation in these organisations and international security agreements is voluntary and can be terminated at any time makes the entire system vulnerable. The likelihood of a strong member withdrawing not only weakens the collective security system but also disrupts the balance in global security. The existing paradoxes in the decision-making protocols contribute to the collapse of the collective security system. This problem can only be solved by completely eliminating the parties to the conflict from the decision-making process. The present findings can serve as a basis for further research in the field of collective and global security.