Aquaculture as an Underrecognized Driver of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bangladesh: A One Health Perspective

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, yet the role of aquaculture in its emergence remains underrecognized in Bangladesh.Rapid expansion of fish and shrimp farming, coupled with frequent disease outbreaks, has led to extensive and often unregulated antibiotic use.Over-the-counter access and poor adherence to withdrawal periods promote the selection of resistant bacteria that may spread through pond effluents, water exchange, sediments, contaminated aquatic foods, and occupational exposure.Despite Bangladesh's National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR, surveillance in aquaculture remains limited, governance is fragmented, and regulatory enforcement is weak.Addressing aquaculture-driven AMR requires a One Health approach that integrates surveillance across human, livestock, and aquaculture sectors, along with genomic tracking of resistance genes and strengthened antibiotic stewardship programs.Priority strategies include establishing a National Fisheries Council and promoting sustainable disease management approaches such as vaccines, probiotics, immunostimulants, and improved biosecurity.Strengthening policy, monitoring, and research frameworks is essential to safeguard public health and ensure sustainable aquaculture in Bangladesh.