Phomones A−C, Anti‐ <i>Vibrio α</i> ‐Pyrones From <i>Phoma</i> sp. NBUF235 Associated With an <i>Ircinia</i> Sponge From the Marine Mesophotic Zone

Three new α-pyrones, named as phomones A-C (1-3), together with three known analogs (4-6), were isolated from the fungus Phoma sp. NBUF235 associated with an Ircinia sp. sponge collected from the marine mesophotic zone. The discovery of these compounds was facilitated by bioassay-guided isolation. Structural elucidation of these compounds was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and quantum chemistry calculations. Compounds 1-6 selectively inhibited the aquatic pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, V. mimicus, and V. cholerae (Non-O1 strain), with MIC values ranging from 8 to 32 µg/mL. These findings enrich the chemical diversity of α-pyrones from sponge-associated fungi in the marine mesophotic zone, providing promising molecules for the development of anti-Vibrio agents.