IoT-Based Smart Three-Phase Transmission Line Fault Detection and Location System Using Arduino

Reliable fault detection in power transmission systems is essential to ensure uninterrupted electricity supply and equipment safety. This paper proposes an IoT enabled smart fault monitoring system for three-phase transmission lines using Arduino technology. The system continuously monitors phase current through ACS712 sensors and detects abnormal condition such as Line-to- Ground (LG), Line-to-Line (LL), Double Line-to-Ground (LLG), and Three-Phase (LLL) faults. Upon fault detection, the system isolates the faulty section using relays and instantly transmits fault type and precise GPS coordinates via GSM communication. The proposed design reduces manual inspection time, enhances grid reliability, and provides a low-cost and real-time solution suitable for distribution networks. Simulation and hardware implementation validate the system’s effectiveness and accuracy.