Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Multiple Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Our study retrospectively investigated the therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on multiple outcomes in patients with Type 2 Diabetes, capitalizing on the agent’s proven benefits in glycemic, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated a total of 200 patients with T2DM, 100 SGLT2I-treated and 100 treated without SGLT2Is. Clinical data were retrieved from the electronic health record system of the hospital. Patients were followed for more than 6 months to assess the effects of SGLT2Is on metabolic, biochemical, and renal parameters. Results: In the SGLT2I-treated cohort, a higher prevalence of males, non-geriatrics, and comorbidities such as HF and ASCVD was observed with greater use of concomitant medications (beta-blockers, antithrombotics, antilipidemics). SGLT2I treatments show a greater reduction in FBG (control: −6.3 mg/dL vs. treatment: −24.2 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.05), HbA1c (control: −0.093% vs. treatment: −0.76%; p ≤ 0.001), weight (control: −0.6 kg vs. treatment: −3.6 kg; p ≤ 0.001), SBP (control: 5.8 mmHg vs. treatment: −9.2 mmHg; p ≤ 0.001), and DBP (control: 2.2 mmHg vs. treatment: −4.7 mmHg; p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. The analysis of the mean change in eGFR showed no statistically significant difference in both groups. The SGLT2I’s safety profile was favorable, with no difference in adverse events and no cases of euglycemic ketoacidosis or Fournier’s gangrene. Conclusions: In this study, SGLT2Is demonstrated strong clinical efficacy in improving multiple cardiometabolic parameters without compromising patient safety in short-term follow-up. Large-scale and long-term real-world studies are needed to monitor the long-term safety profile, characterize the incidence of rare adverse events in general clinical practice, and validate results from this study.