Comparison of scapular position and periscapular muscle strength in male subjects with and without forward head rounded shoulder posture

Background Although subjects with forward head/rounded shoulders posture (FHRSP) may exhibit changes in scapular position and periscapular muscle strength relative to normal subjects, few studies have investigated this. Objective We compared scapular position and periscapular muscle strength between subjects with and without FHRSP. Methods In total, 50 subjects with FHRSP and 50 normal subjects were included. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) and rounded shoulder angle (RSA) were measured to determine FHRSP. To compare scapular position, scapular protraction, elevation, upward rotation, and anterior tilt were measured. To compare periscapular muscle strength, the strengths of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior were measured using an isometric hand-held dynamometer. Results Relative to normal subjects, those with FHRSP had elevated, protracted, and anteriorly tilted scapulae and significantly weaker middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior (p<0.05). Both CVA and RSA showed negative correlations with protraction, anterior tilt of the scapula; they showed moderate positive correlations with scapular elevation. The strengths of the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles were moderately correlated with CVA and RSA (p<0.05). Conclusions Relative to normal subjects, those with FHRSP exhibited changes in scapular position and periscapular muscle deficits. This information will be useful for designing exercise programs for individuals with FHRSP.