The Long-Term Impacts of Mixing the Rich and Poor: Evidence from Conscript Dorms

To what extent is economic success determined by with whom individuals interact socially? We tackle this question by exploiting a large-scale natural experiment in the Finnish conscription. Our research design is based on the alphabetization of dorms, which is shown to induce as good as random variation in peer composition. Dormmates from high-income families have a positive impact on earnings, with the largest effect among individuals from high-income families. For them, a one standard deviation increase in dormmates' parental income increases long-term earnings by 5.7 percent. The results support labor market networks among the rich as the key mechanism. (JEL D12, D31, G51, I32, J31, J45)

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Publication Details

Journal
American Economic Journal Applied Economics
Published
2026-03-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20240173
Primary Topic
Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Type
article
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0.00
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article

The Long-Term Impacts of Mixing the Rich and Poor: Evidence from Conscript Dorms

Elias Einiö
American Economic Journal Applied Economics
Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
article

The Long-Term Impacts of Mixing the Rich and Poor: Evidence from Conscript Dorms

Elias Einiö
article en

Abstract

To what extent is economic success determined by with whom individuals interact socially? We tackle this question by exploiting a large-scale natural experiment in the Finnish conscription. Our research design is based on the alphabetization of dorms, which is shown to induce as good as random variation in peer composition. Dormmates from high-income families have a positive impact on earnings, with the largest effect among individuals from high-income families. For them, a one standard deviation increase in dormmates' parental income increases long-term earnings by 5.7 percent. The results support labor market networks among the rich as the key mechanism. (JEL D12, D31, G51, I32, J31, J45)

American Economic Journal Applied EconomicsVol. 18(2)
VATT Institute for Economic Research (FI)
No poverty
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
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