Targeted drug delivery in cardiovascular therapy: Advancements in nanoparticle‐based systems

Abstract The development of targeted drug delivery systems represents a significant advancement in cardiovascular therapy, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional pharmaceutical administration. This review examines recent innovations in nanoparticle‐based systems aimed at improving the efficacy and specificity of therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases. We categorize various nanoparticle types, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal‐based nanoparticles, emphasizing their distinct properties that enable targeted delivery to cardiac tissues. In addition to nanoparticle systems, we investigate the potential of stem cell approaches in cardiovascular therapy. Stem cells possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types, including cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, which makes them crucial for tissue regeneration and repair processes. Notably, exosomes derived from stem cells have emerged as natural nanocarriers for therapeutic agents, offering advantages in targeted drug delivery and promoting tissue healing. The combination of stem cell‐based therapies with nanoparticle systems has also shown synergistic potential, as it can enhance site‐specific drug accumulation and improve overall therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the incorporation of targeting moieties such as antibodies and peptides into these delivery platforms further refines their selectivity, enabling precise targeting of diseased cells while minimizing adverse effects on healthy tissues. We address the challenges related to the clinical translation of these systems, such as biocompatibility, stability, and regulatory considerations. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to illuminate future directions for nanoparticle‐based targeted drug delivery and stem cell strategies in cardiovascular therapy. We underscore the potential for improved patient outcomes through personalized medicine approaches that harness the advantages of both targeted delivery systems and regenerative therapies, supported by quantitative findings from recent studies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.