A comparative analysis of pictogram use in mobile weather applications: The cases of MGM, AccuWeather, and Apple Weather

This study examines pictogram use in the interface designs of three mobile weather applications — MGM, AccuWeather, and Apple Weather — through a qualitative comparative case study approach. Focusing on user perception speed and information transfer efficiency rather than aesthetic value, the analysis evaluated each application across four criteria: pictogram compliance, visual complexity level, cognitive load, and icon-typography balance. Findings were theoretically grounded in usability heuristics. Expert review analysis revealed that Apple Weather achieves the lowest cognitive load through its integrated typographic system and standardized pictogram library. AccuWeather presents a moderate cognitive load through its standardized proprietary icon set, while MGM produced the highest cognitive load due to inconsistent icon styles, weak visual hierarchy, and touch target dimensions falling below international accessibility standards. The findings demonstrate that standardized and simplified pictogram systems reduce cognitive load and improve user experience, and underscore the need for systematic usability evaluation of institutionally developed mobile applications against international standards.