Gene Expression Modulation by Bioceramics in Stem Cells From Deciduous Teeth: New Perspectives in Tissue Regeneration

Tissue bioengineering involves studying cells at the molecular level and using differentiation signals and scaffolds to guide them toward repairing injured tissues. This study aimed to evaluate viability and gene expression of stem cells from exfoliated human deciduous teeth (SHED) for dental/osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation after contact with different bioceramic materials. The extracts were diluted (1:2) and divided into: dentin/pulp membrane (biostimulation membrane [BBio]) (G1), Bio‐C Repair (G2), MTA HP Repair (G3), and Biodentine (G4). Cell viability tests (Alamar Blue) and gene expression evaluation (qRT‐PCR) were performed for the following genes: COL, FGF‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), OCN, OPN, DSPP, and DMP‐1. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s test ( p < 0.05). Bioceramic materials maintained SHED viability. BBio Membrane and Bio‐C Repair had viability results similar to the control group at 48 and 72 h. Biodentine showed the best results of VEGF and FGF‐2 mRNA expression, while BBio showed better results for OCN and OPN mRNA expression. DSPP and DMP‐1 mRNA expressions increased over time across all groups. All materials demonstrated acceptable bioactivity. Biodentine showed the best results of mRNA expression for angiogenic targets. All bioceramic materials showed a progressive increase in DSPP and DMP‐1 mRNA expression. The BBio membrane achieved better results in OCN and OPN gene expression, indicating a greater capacity for osteo/odontogenic differentiation.