Artificial accelerated aging and red wine staining on color stability in dental composites

The resistance of composite resins to discoloration, staining, and aging is essential for preserving both the aesthetic quality and long-term durability of dental restorations. The study aims to evaluate the effects of artificial accelerated aging (AAA) and red wine staining on the color stability of resin composites. A2 color disc-shaped specimens (10-mm in diameter, 2-mm thick, n = 5) of 3 resin composites: G-aenial Universal Injectable (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial A’CHORD (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial Anterior (GC Corp, Japan), were polymerized using a curing light through a Mylar strip and a 1-mm glass slide for 40 s. Specimens were polished using PoGO disk-shaped polishers (PoGo, Dentsply) for 40 s. Each composite group was randomly distributed into two groups according to the artificial accelerated aging (SUNTEST XXL, Atlas Material Testing Technology) or red wine staining (n = 5). A spectrophotometer (X-Rite Ci7600 Series, Xrite) was used for color measurements at baseline and after AAA and red wine staining. CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. Generalized Linear Models and Post hoc Modified Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). In addition, a 50:50% acceptability threshold of ΔE00=1.8 was used in the result interpretation. A discoloration was observed in all tested composites; however, the rate of color change (∆E00) in all groups, except for G-aenial Universal Injectable applied to AAA, exceeded the acceptable threshold. The immersion of G-aenial Anterior in red wine resulted in the highest levels of discoloration. Statistically significant differences were observed between G-aenial Universal Injectable and G-aenial A’CHORD in AAA, as well as between G-aenial Anterior and G-aenial A’CHORD. In terms of color change, G-aenial A’CHORD in AAA exceeded those of G-aenial Universal Injectable, and G-aenial anterior in red wine surpassed those of G-aenial A’CHORD. Color stability depends on the composite type and the procedures of red wine staining and AAA. Discoloration was observed in all tested composites. The sole composite demonstrating an acceptable color change was G-aenial Universal Injectable in AAA.