Aligning AI talent competencies with employer expectations: Graduate readiness in Guangzhou’s private sector

This study examines the gap between the skills AI graduates offer and what employers in Guangzhou’s private sector need. As a major hub within China’s Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou faces growing demand for AI talent, yet many graduates fall short of expectations. Through in-depth interviews with 18 industry leaders, the research uncovers clear priorities: companies want candidates with solid technical foundations in Python, Java, C ++, data preprocessing, and AI frameworks, but they also value soft skills like innovative thinking with executive force, problem-solving, adaptability, clear communication, and a mindset of continuous learning. A key finding is the rising demand for executive ability, hands-on project experience, prompt engineering, and domain-specific AI expertise. Employers are increasingly looking for people who can apply AI tools within specific industries, such as the AI industry or manufacturing. Drawing on Skills Ecosystem Theory (SET) and Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET), the study identifies key barriers to outdated university curricula and limited real-world training. To address these gaps, it proposes a Dynamic Competency Integration Model that emphasizes hands-on learning, stronger ties between industry and academia, and tailored policies for both large firms and SMEs. The findings offer practical guidance for educators, policymakers, and businesses seeking to boost graduate readiness and support Guangzhou’s leadership in AI innovation. The findings provide actionable strategies for educators, policymakers, and employers to enhance graduate employability and strengthen Guangzhou’s role as a leading AI innovation hub.